{"id":106,"date":"2022-07-02T15:45:05","date_gmt":"2022-07-02T13:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uhllrdj.cluster029.hosting.ovh.net\/?p=106"},"modified":"2026-08-08T19:11:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T17:11:24","slug":"le-parlement-de-tougas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/en\/le-parlement-de-tougas\/","title":{"rendered":"Parliament of Tougas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Project<\/strong> Propose to bring our buried heritage into public debate<br><strong>Context<\/strong> Student project<br><strong>Project studio<\/strong> Grands sentiers, Ensa Nantes<br><strong>Teachers<\/strong> Anne Boss\u00e9 + Petra Marguc<br><strong>Place<\/strong> Tougas (44)<br><strong>Date<\/strong> 2022<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda53572&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda53572\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border is-style-default wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"989\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tougas-rendu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1373\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tougas-rendu-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tougas-rendu-1-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tougas-rendu-1-1024x527.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tougas-rendu-1-768x396.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tougas-rendu-1-1536x791.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tougas-rendu-1-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project background<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Grands sentiers<\/em> led by Anne Boss\u00e9, invites you to explore the area on foot, by walking. This action is as much a manifesto as it is a tool for apprehending spaces, enabling us to adopt a posture at the scale of the body in movement. With a strong focus on architectural research on Nantes, the project aims to create a major metropolitan trail by the end of its fourth and final edition in 2024. More information is available in the dedicated Hypoth\u00e8se booklet <a href=\"https:\/\/gdsentiers.hypotheses.org\/\">https:\/\/gdsentiers.hypotheses.org\/<\/a>which compiles the genesis and approach of each project developed, including the <em>Parlement de Tougas<\/em> but also <a href=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/index.php\/reconnecter-le-boire-de-la-coudrouse\/\"><em>Reconnecter le Boire de la Coudrouse<\/em><\/a>, my final year project completed in this same studio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What to do with the 5 million tonnes of rotting waste<\/strong> beneath the Tougas plateau, situated to the west of the Nantes metropolitan area ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The former landfill site, which opened in 1960 and closed in 1992, is set to make the headlines once again. After 30 years of post-closure monitoring, it has become clear that leachate <strong>\u2013 highly polluted percolating water \u2013<\/strong>is likely to flow into the Loire in significant quantities within the next five years. Yet solutions already exist. These include remediating the site by treating decomposing waste \u2013 a process that has already been carried out on the oldest section \u2013 or developing the wet meadows that have been left fallow to capture runoff, treat it and allow it to infiltrate the ground. All of this is possible today but has not been implemented due to <strong>a lack of political will and public engagement.<\/strong>We must bring this debate into the public arena so that the implementation of solutions can be discussed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the issues behind the project to <em>Parlement de Tougas<\/em>which then becomes <strong>a manifesto architecture,<\/strong> intended not to be realised as it stands at some point in the future, but to fuel political debate and to visualise this collective issue in space.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda53bcb&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda53bcb\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_04-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1355\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_04-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_04-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_04-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Situated at the very heart of the floodplain of the Loire estuary, the Tougas plain forms part of the Loire grasslands, <strong>a brackish tidal area grazed collectively by local farmers.<\/strong>This fluctuation in water salinity and the maintenance of low-growing vegetation provide a wealth of habitats along the estuary. A large number of native species can be found here. These wetlands, rich in biodiversity, were <strong>gradually drained<\/strong> by humans at the turn of the 20th century to create more areas of land-based interface with the estuary and its commercial outlet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;galleryId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda53d9d&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/gallery\" class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda5408f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda5408f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"1356\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_06-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1356\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_06-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_06-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_06-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_06-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_06-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_06-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Gradually, <strong>an unauthorised landfill site<\/strong> developed and was officially recognised following the purchase of the land by the municipality of Indre in 1960. Waste continued to be deposited there until the landfill site ceased operations in 1992, by which time it contained <strong>over 5 million tonnes.<\/strong> The easternmost part of the site was decontaminated and redeveloped into a motocross track, whilst the plateau became the collection area for one of the metropolitan area\u2019s 11 waste collection centres.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda54590&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda54590\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_16-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1357\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_16-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_16-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_16-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_16-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_16-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_16-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda549f3&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda549f3\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_18-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1358\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_18-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_18-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_18-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_18-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_18-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_18-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">These 700,000 m\u00b2 of grassland now encompass an area equivalent to around eight \u2018Tour Bretagne\u2019 buildings within a floodplain criss-crossed by infrastructure that disrupts the continuity of habitats. This fragmentation is all the more pronounced given that <strong>the Tougas plateau \u2013 the quintessential man-made barrier \u2013<\/strong> is nonetheless part of the \u2018Coul\u00e9e verte herblinoise\u2019, a network of grasslands, parks and wetlands coordinated across the municipality of St-Herblain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda54e83&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda54e83\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_19-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1359\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_19-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_19-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_19-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_19-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_19-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_19-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda55244&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda55244\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_20-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1360\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_20-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_20-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_20-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_20-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_20-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_20-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">But the Tougas plateau is far from having reverted to its former state as grassland. Hidden beneath the ground are <strong>some 78 gas extraction wells and 86 water-lifting pumps<\/strong> used to manage the putrefaction and decomposition of the waste that remains there. These organic and man-made elements, which will remain present for several thousand years, continue to cause pollution in the form of landfill gas \u2013 a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide that is particularly prevalent at the start of the decomposition process \u2013 but above all in the form of leachate: <strong>water that, as it percolates, becomes contaminated with solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, medicines and other soluble substances.<\/strong> If this water is not pumped out and treated promptly, it seeps through the soil and contaminates the groundwater, in this case the Loire aquifer. Here, leaks already exist and have been identified, but it is estimated that they will gradually increase as the geotextile tears.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda5571a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda5571a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_21-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1361\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_21-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_21-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_21-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_21-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_21-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_21-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda55aa2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda55aa2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_25-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1364\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_25-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_25-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_25-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_25-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_25-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_25.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda55ebb&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda55ebb\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_22-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1362\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_22-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_22-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_22-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_22-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_22-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_22-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda56252&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda56252\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_23-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1363\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_23-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_23-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_23-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_23-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_23-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_23-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda566cc&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda566cc\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_38-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_38-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_38-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_38-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_38-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_38-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_38-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The project of <em>Parlement de Tougas<\/em> proposes to <strong>explore the future of the Tougas plateau by highlighting the chemical and political processes<\/strong> at work on the site. <strong>The architecture accommodates the flow of leachate<\/strong> pumped to the surface, which is gradually treated using phytoremediation before being discharged back into the environment. This gravity-fed flow is complemented by a space for collective discussion of Tougas\u2019s future, in the form of an amphitheatre situated amidst the waste.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Conceived as a cut through the plateau, the layout reveals a <strong>succession of layers of waste that bear witness to different eras,<\/strong>consumption patterns and methods of managing unwanted materials. The soil is held in place by a system of concrete posts that structure the space, set deep into the ground in the manner of a<strong>\"paroi berlinoise\"<\/strong>. The whole structure is stabilised by tie rods anchored directly into the waste soil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda56c99&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda56c99\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_37-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_37-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_37-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_37-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_37-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_37-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_37-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda57164&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda57164\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_39-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_39-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_39-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_39-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_39-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_39-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_39-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda575a7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda575a7\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_40-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_40-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_40-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_40-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_40-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_40-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_40-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Parlement de Tougas<\/em> leads to a body of water created in the channel. This stagnant water allows oxygen-dependent bacteria to proliferate and complete the water treatment process. Finally, at the tip of the device, the water is discharged into the surface water network, joining the nearby water table or estuary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a845bda57a7b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a845bda57a7b\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_41-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1370\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_41-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_41-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_41-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_41-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_41-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/okr-archi-artiste.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Diapo-RenduV2_Page_41-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What should be done with the 5 million tonnes of waste buried in the Loire estuary near Nantes?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,16,14],"tags":[67],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architecture","category-graphisme","category-illustration","tag-projet"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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